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The individual cells should be able to survive a short circuit with an opening to release gaseous products, to prevent pressure build-up in the cell . Circuit should be designed keeping overcharge, over-discharge, short circuits and temperature considerations in mind. Battery designing must have a significant safety factor. <br \>
Lithium cells shouldn't be kept on conducting surfaces unless they have appropriate conduction protection. Spot welding, and not soldering, should be used to attach leads directly to a cell.<ref name = "nasa"/> Caution also has to be taken against radiation - via either MLI (Multi-Layer Insulation) or a black coating. Internal short prevention in lithium-ion batteries effectively opens the battery circuit, shutting off current flow through the battery.<br \>
A PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient) switch can also be used to prevent short-circuiting by inhibiting high currents. As temperature increases above a limit, material resistance faces a large increase and being reversible they cycle back to conductive state when we have normal condition again.